The flat parasitic worms are represented in the fauna of our planet mainly by digenetic dishes (cat and liver bicarrid) and tape worms (it had bull and pork, wide tape, equinococcus).
The diseases caused by them are called Helmintias.The nutrients of the worms are absorbed by a rotary hole or surface of your body with an osmosis.
List of diseases
Helminthosis caused by flat helminths are classified according to several signs: the infection method, the number of owners, life forms, etc.
Depending on the presence or absence of an intermediate guest, 3 diseases are distinguished:
- Geogelmintosis,in which worms do not need a temporary owner.The worms for the GEO -Gogelmintiasis are located in the human body, which is the final teacher for them.
- Bioelmintosis,Characterized by the fact that parasites, in addition to the main host (final), also need an intermediate.
- HygenolepidosisOr otherwise contagious (contact) Helmintias, in which parasites are transmitted from person to person.From the human body, parasites are distinguished by ripe, ready for greater invasion.
Depending on the characteristics of development, pathogens are classified:
- by the invasion method;
- by the nature of life in the external environment;
- By value occupied in human pathology.
Invasios with baskets can occur in different ways in penetration through the skin, swallowing worm eggs, with insect carriers bite.The migration of parasites is often accompanied by a violation of the integrity of tissues and organs.
Important!Most of the time, the cestods are located in the gastrointestinal tract.But some types of helminths were established in other organs and systems: liver, lungs, bile ducts.
Helminosis is a common name for diseases caused by the presence of worms.Invasions of specific types of helminths often use specific names.These are some of the diseases caused by certain types of flat parasites.
Teniarismo is a disease that occurs during infection with a bull chain.Invasia is characterized by pronounced allergic toxic manifestations and dispute disorders.
Tusiarincosis belongs to biogelmintosis.That is, the Toro had the final hosts (person) and intermediate (cattle).The infection occurs when entering the human body of the worms when it eats incorrectly cooked meat of an infected animal.The parasite is located in the intestines, holding its walls with suction cups, which at the same time damage the integrity of the intestinal tissue.
Tusiarincosis often continues without symptoms.But in the case of severe injury, the following manifestations of the disease take place:
- dyspepsia;
- nausea;
- bad appetite;
- abundant salivation;
- Feeling of gravity in epigastry;
- acidity;
- vomit.
Teniosis is helminthiasis caused by infection with the pig chain.It is characterized by damage to individual organs (brain, eyes) and systemic disorders (dyspepsia, violation of the functions of the central nervous system).
Pork had a strips worm that parasites in a person's thin intestine.The parts of your body, together with the eggs, secreted during intestinal movements, are meals by pigs, which become an intermediate host for the Ten.In addition to pigs, the latter's role can play hares, dogs, rabbits, camels.A person is the only final Helmint teacher.
For information!They are infected with a chain when using insufficiently welded or fried pork, invasion is possible through dirty water and hands.
The clinical image of Tusias is similar to the manifestations of Teniarinchosis, only more pronounced.People infected with the chain can fall into short -term fainting.In the complicated form of tissue tissue and human organs are affected by the eggs of the HAVs with the formation of disabled - cystic larvae.Depending on the location of the latter, they are possible serious violations of cardiac and cerebral activity, vision of vision (including complete blindness).
Equinocosis
Echinococosis is caused by tape worms with alveococcus and echinococcus.
The invaders are developing with the participation of two owners:
- Intermediate (ungulates, omnivorous and herbivorous person, person), in which the larval form of Parasite Helminto;
- Final (PS - Jackals, Lobos, Foxes), in which they are adults of worms.
Equinococosis is transmitted to an animal person, that is, they are in their type of zone invasions.The infection occurs by means of eggs in the hand, vegetables, fruits.
The disease manifests in 2 forms:
- Individual cameras (hydrate, actualized);
- and multiple cameras equinococosis (alveococosis).
For humans, equinococosis is the process of cyst formation (Finn) that arise in several organs: the heart, liver, lungs, bones, brain.Perhaps the formation of metastasis that resemble cancer.
Note!The clinic and the severity of the disease are determined by the size and number of cysts, their location.The affected organs are subjected to distribution changes (atrophy of the parenchyma, stoma sclerosis).Parasite metabolism products cause allergic toxic reactions.With a rupture of a support cyst, anaphylactic shock is not excluded.
Hygenolepidosis
The disease is caused by a dwarf, a relatively small Helmint, if we compare it with other representatives of this class.
The had a small head, neck and body divided into members.When their eggs enter the human body, they develop in a larva united with villi to the intestinal walls.The larvae become young individuals (quanticecoid), which are an intermediate stage between the larva and the adult helminto.
A cystcoide is a very dangerous dwarf life for the owner, since the quadhemcoides can destroy the intestinal walls with the formation of inflammation and erosion.The human body reacts to the defeat of anemia and signs of poisoning.
The eggs are placed on adults of the Ten.When the Helminto reaches a certain length, part of the members of his body with the eggs are broken and goes out with feces.The other part remains in the intestines and continues its life cycle.
Invasia by dwarf occurs when you drink dirty water, which consumes a gelmint of vegetables and fruits, when they get entangled with the hands in which there are eggs, faces and lips.
Hymenolepidosis is manifested by the following main symptoms:
- fast weight loss;
- stomach pain;
- Strong weakness.
The disease is diagnosed according to the results of the fecal analysis.The treatment is carried out through synthetic medications, the doctor prescribes the dose and intake of the intake after examining the patient and studying the analysis data.
The main way to prevent infection is to meet cleaning: wash your frequent hands and have a shower, change clothes, keep a bath with the help of effective disinfectants.
Danger for humans
Invasias by cestodes (hymenolepidosis, diphyllobotriosis, tusiasis, alhadowirinchosis) are very dangerous diseases, loaded with threatening complications of life.
It is worth knowing!The manifestation of hemmintiasis can be different depending on the systems and organs affected by worms and the degree of infection.With damage to the central nervous system, behavior insufficiency, paralysis, epileptic seizures, hyperactivity may take place.The patient may experience headaches and dizziness, weakness, insomnia.
The allergic reactions in the form of fifty, urticaria or food allergies often occur as an response to infection.
You can see significant digestive disorders, manifested in diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stupid or sharp pain in the abdomen.In some cases, pancreatitis and cholecystitis can be developed.The consequence of a violation of the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract is, as a rule, a strong weight loss.
Blood analysis can detect hypochromic anemia and eosinophilia.
Prevention
Prevention is mainly reduced to compliance with personal hygiene rules.Without this, it is almost impossible to avoid the infection, to be in an environment where helminth eggs are common.No less important from the point of view of preventing invasion is the correct heat treatment of meat and other products.
The main recommendations for prevention:
- Be sure to wash your hands when you return from the street, before meals, after the reference of natural needs.
- Coma only clean and well washed fruits and vegetables.
- Drink only boiled or bottled water.Even filtered water can contain parasites eggs, not to mention the one supplied from the water supply without filtering.
- Avoid too close contact with pets, not to let them enter the bed, not to kiss.Regularly review the "our youngest brothers" to know the helminths, if necessary, communicate with a veterinary clinic.
- Wash bedding more frequently and stroke of stroke, especially the baby.
- Keep your immunity at the right level.This will allow the body to face Helmintias alone.
- In the presence of circumstances that create a greater risk of infection (business trip or tourist trip to exotic countries, remain in groups where the risk of invasion is high), use the preventive intake of antigelmints.But this should not be done more than 2 times a year with a mandatory consultation with a doctor.
If the infection has occurred, the doctor recipes medications individually.These are usually tablets.In more severe cases, injections, drippers, irradiation are used.
The media of traditional medicine, with their proper use, are also effective in the fight against Helmintias.